The Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, UNY has held an online Webinar Series #3 on Friday, October 1, 2021. This activity was attended by a number of 240 participants from among lecturers, teachers, students, etc. There are two resource persons who were invited to participate in today's webinar series #3, namely Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ekasith Somsook of the Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University and Dr. Cahyorini Kusumawardani from the Chemistry Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, UNY.

In his presentation, Dr. Ekasith conveyed about one of the results of his research entitled Development of Nanocatalyst Derived from Ferrocene for Selected Organic Reactions. The aim of the research is to improve existing technologies and design new technologies through catalysis of feedstocks derived from biomass and petrochemicals. He said that developing nano-catalysts requires metal nanoparticles and metal oxides that are useful for stabilizing the activity of nanoparticles. One of the methods used is the Ullmann Coupling. In the case of catalyst development using this method, it is necessary to: (1) Cu (120-200o C), Pd (100-140o C), and ligands; (2) The solvent may be dioxane or toluene; (3) Specific binding energy because the starting material used to develop the catalyst must be an iodo compound because it has a binding energy less than the target; and (4) Target enhancement: active at room temperature, aqueous solution, bimetallic catalyst without ligands.

Nano catalyst developed by Dr. Ekasith based on Ferrocene which is an organometallic compound, has good redox properties, and can increase electron transfer in the catalyst system. Ferrocene and ferrocenated compounds were discovered in the 1950s, have a sandwich structure, and won the Nobel Prize in 1973. If Ferrocene is added concentrated H2SO4 will be oxidized and after adding NaOH turns into ferrocenated compounds The decomposition of ferrocenium cations in sodium hydroxide solution is required to produce ferrocenated compounds. The melting point of Ferrocene is 175, if Ferrocene is heated above 175oC then all Ferrocene will be lost. However in ferrocenated compounds: some Fe2O3 residues observed at 714oC only lost about 10% weight according to the Fe2O3 phase transformation. The conclusions obtained from the research of Dr. Ekasith is: (1) successfully synthesized nanocatalyst for transformation of organic compounds; (2) The palladium-catalyzed Ullman Coupling reaction results in (a) activation of C-Cl at low temperature in a green reaction medium, (b) the catalyst can be reused at least 5 times, (c) excess chloride and acetate ions inactivate the activity of the catalyst.

The presentation was continued by Dr. Cahyorini Kusumawardani, who is a lecturer in the Chemistry Study Program, FMIPA UNY, explained about the Chemistry Role in Sustainable Development. Presentation of Dr. Cahyorini began by conveying the crises that affect the current and future generations of humans, including those related to: (1) Food, (2) Health, (3) Energy, and (4) The effect of covid-19 on students' mental health so that a paradigm is needed. sustainable development to solve the crisis. Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to use any resources in a way that meets our present needs, but does not jeopardize the availability of future resources. The three pillars of Sustainable Development: (1) Social, (2) Environmental, and (3) Economic. The three pillars must be balanced with each other as if you have a house with unbalanced pillars, the house will not stand upright. There are 17 sustainable development goals, namely: (1) No poverty, (2) No hunger, (3) Healthy and prosperous, (4) Quality education, (5) Gender equality, (6) Clean water and sanitation, (7 ) Affordable and clean energy, (8) Decent work and economic growth, (9) Industry, innovation and infrastructure, (10) Reducing inequality, (11) Sustainable cities and communities, (12) Responsible consumption and production responsibility, (13) Climate action, (14) Life under water, (15) Life on land, (16) Peace, justice and strong institutions, and (17) Partnerships to achieve goals.

Chemistry has an important role in the SDGs for the following reasons.

1. Having a unique position to make a difference
2. New chemical research
3. Green and sustainable chemistry education
4. Environmentally friendly and sustainable chemical manufacturing practices
5. A sense of social responsibility for the present and the future to protect the planet
6. Efficient use of natural resources
7. Improve energy efficiency
8. New uses of waste products
9. Sustainable material development
10. A number of important roles of chemistry in the SDGs relate to

The 17 goals of the SDGs include the following.

1. No hunger: everyone gets food by developing environmentally friendly and harmless pesticides to increase food production and quality, advance in packaging and maintain food quality and safety, develop fertilizers to increase food production and help reduce soil erosion, food fortification will help combat malnutrition in areas with limited access to healthy foods, and technologies for sustainable ammonia production.
2. Good health and well-being: many things chemistry can do such as medical breakthroughs and technology, medical diagnosis and drug development, new solutions to reduce pollution and its impact on human health, green and sustainable application of chemistry can help eliminate or reduce harmful chemical pollution.
3. Clean water and sanitation: a lot of chemical research related to water sanitation such as new methods of water purification and desalination processes that are cheaper, water quality will be improved through the development of technology and a greener environment, pollution prevention strategies, removing heavy metals from water using catalysts.
4. Affordable and clean energy: development of new materials for renewable energy, energy storage (biomass as energy source), development of abundant advanced materials on earth, chemical processing industry (most consumed energy).
5. Industry, innovation and infrastructure: the chemical processing industry can upgrade infrastructure and retrofit production facilities to be more sustainable, the chemical community can design, synthesize, and manufacture innovative advanced materials and coatings that make infrastructure more sustainable and resilient, encourage chemical research that enhances innovation for commercial applications.
6. Responsible consumption and production are the main goals of the chemical community: chemical products help improve the quality and efficiency of production processes, green economy (low carbon growth + resource efficiency + social inclusiveness).
7. Climate action: chemical research will be critical to mitigating and adapting to climate change.

How can we achieve the goals of the SDGs? The trick can be started by being a responsible consumer by: (1) refusing to use plastic, (2) if we can't refuse then reduce it, (3) if we can't reduce it then reuse it, (4) if we can't reuse it then recycle, and (5) Use stainless utensils. Through this webinar series #3 activity, it is hoped that it will contribute to increasing the insight of participants from among lecturers, students, and teachers.